The Impact of Maternal Obesity on Human Milk Macronutrient Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Objectives This article aimed to provide a synthesis of studies evaluating the effects of maternal overweight and obesity, including body mass index (BMI) and other measures of adiposity, on the concentrations of macronutrients (fat, protein and lactose) in human milk (HM). Methods EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science and ProQuest databases were searched for relevant articles. Two authors conducted screening, data extraction and quality assessment independently. Meta-analyses of eligible studies were conducted using Review Manager software version 5.3. Results A total of 31 studies (5078 lactating women) were included in the qualitative synthesis and 9 studies (87..