Economic efficiency versus social equity: The productivity challenge for rice production in a ‘greying’ rural Vietnam

Abstract

Increasing agricultural productivity is often deemed necessary to enhance rural income and ultimately narrow the urban–rural disparity in transitional economies. However, the objectives of social equity and economic efficiency can contradict each other, especially in the context of fierce competition for resources between agriculture and non-agricultural sectors and given the inherently and largely redundant and unskilled aging rural population that often occurs during the economic transition to a market economy. We investigate the case of Vietnam during its high growth period (2000–2016), over which the country introduced policies to increase efficiency in rice production and income for far..