Optimally Hierarchical Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite Coatings for Superior Prosthesis Biointegration.

Abstract

Bone osteogenesis is a complex phenomenon dependent on numerous microenvironmental cues, with their synchrony regulating cellular functions, such as mechanical signaling, survival, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as controlled regional specification of skeletal progenitor cell fate. Therefore, obtaining a mechanistic understanding of cellular response to a microenvironment is now coming into intense focus, which will facilitate the design of programmable biomaterials for regenerative medicine. State-of-the-art nanomaterial synthesis and self-assembly processes yield complex structures that mimic surface properties, composition, and partially the morphology of the extracellular ma..