Multi-frequency Stimulation: Spatial Differentiation of Bone-Conducted Tactile Stimulation on the Elbow Bony Landmarks

Abstract

Sensory feedback in upper limb prostheses is a highly desirable feature and bone conduction as one of the feedback methods has shown promising characteristics. Multiple feedback information is required simultaneously for effective grasping and manipulation and has been recently studied in conjunction with bone conduction. The user’s ability to identify the stimulation in the case of simultaneous stimulation of the same frequency on multiple sites via bone conduction has shown a low performance. However, simultaneous stimulation on multiple sites using different frequencies per site has not been studied yet. In this paper, the psychometric evaluation of multiple frequencies on the multiple ph..