USING RESIDENTIAL BATTERIES FOR PRIMARY FREQUENCY RESPONSE: TIME-VARYING EXPORT LIMITS AND ACTIVE DROOP CALCULATIONS

Abstract

As the penetration levels of residential solar PV and batteries increase, net demand is reduced, and thus synchronous generators are displaced. This leads to a reduction in primary frequency response (PFR) resources and, consequently, maintaining frequency excursions following a large contingency (e.g., loss of a generator) becomes increasingly difficult. Since batteries can respond almost immediately after a contingency event there is an opportunity for them to provide PFR using droop settings. The challenge, however, is that calculating the droop settings that result in sufficient PFR depends on the true ability of batteries to provide PFR. This, in turn, is dependent on the demand, PV gen..