Journal article
Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS): Environmental solution and climate change adaptation
N Ahmed, GM Turchini
Journal of Cleaner Production | ELSEVIER SCI LTD | Published : 2021
Abstract
Considering environmental sustainability and vulnerability to the effects of climate change on fish production, one of the potential adaptation strategies is “Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS)”. RAS are eco-friendly, water efficient, highly productive intensive farming system, which are not associated with adverse environmental impacts, such as habitat destruction, water pollution and eutrophication, biotic depletion, ecological effects on biodiversity due to captive fish and exotic species escape, disease outbreaks, and parasite transmission. Moreover, RAS operate in indoor controlled environment, and thus, only minimally affected by climatic factors, including rainfall variation, flo..
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Funding Acknowledgements
The idea of this article is one of the outputs by the first author for his series of studies on aquaculture in climate change through a Fulbright Fellowship at the University of Michigan in the USA, the Georg Forster Fellowship at the Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Research in Germany, and a Visiting Fellowship as well as Research Associate position at the University of Manitoba in Canada. The final version of this study was carried out at Deakin University in Australia, in collaboration with the second author. The opinions and views expressed herein are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments.