The magnitude and timing of recalled immunity after breakthrough infection is shaped by SARS-CoV-2 variants

M Koutsakos; WS Lee; A Reynaldi; HX Tan; G Gare; P Kinsella; KC Liew; G Taiaroa; DA Williamson; HE Kent; E Stadler; D Cromer; DS Khoury; AK Wheatley; JA Juno; MP Davenport; SJ Kent

Journal article

The magnitude and timing of recalled immunity after breakthrough infection is shaped by SARS-CoV-2 variants

M Koutsakos, WS Lee, A Reynaldi, HX Tan, G Gare, P Kinsella, KC Liew, G Taiaroa, DA Williamson, HE Kent, E Stadler, D Cromer, DS Khoury, AK Wheatley, JA Juno, MP Davenport, SJ Kent

Immunity | Published : 2022

DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.05.018

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Abstract

Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 protects from infection and improves clinical outcomes in breakthrough infections, likely reflecting residual vaccine-elicited immunity and recall of immunological memory. Here, we define the early kinetics of spike-specific humoral and cellular immunity after vaccination of seropositive individuals and after Delta or Omicron breakthrough infection in vaccinated individuals. Early longitudinal sampling revealed the timing and magnitude of recall, with the phenotypic activation of B cells preceding an increase in neutralizing antibody titers. While vaccination of seropositive individuals resulted in robust recall of humoral and T cell immunity, recall of vaccine..

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University of Melbourne Researchers

Marios Koutsakos Author

Wen Shi Lee Author

Hyon Xhi Tan Author

George Taiaroa Author

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Awarded by National Health and Medical Research Council

Funding Acknowledgements

We thank the participants for the generous involvement and provision of sam- ples. We thank T. Amarasena, R. Esterbauer, K. Wragg, P. Konstandopoulos, K. Field, and A. Kelly (University of Melbourne) for excellent technical assis- tance. We thank molecular staff at the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory for performing RT-PCR. We thank Dr. Julian Druce and Dr. Leon Caly at the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory for isolating and distributing SARS-CoV-2 virus isolates. We acknowledge the Melbourne Cytometry Platform for provision of flow cytometry services. This study was supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council grants 1149990, 1162760, and 2004398; Australian Medical Research Future Fund grants 2005544 and 2013870; The Victorian Government; and Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Investigator or Fellowship grants (M.K., A.K.W., J.A.J., H.-X.T., D.A.W., M.P.D., and S.J.K.) .