Journal article
The association between domestic hard water and eczema in adults from the UK Biobank cohort study*
DJ Lopez, A Singh, NT Waidyatillake, JC Su, DS Bui, SC Dharmage, CJ Lodge, AJ Lowe
British Journal of Dermatology | OXFORD UNIV PRESS | Published : 2022
DOI: 10.1111/bjd.21771
Abstract
Background: Eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Domestic water with high mineral content (hard water) is a risk factor for eczema in children, but this association has not been assessed in adults. Objectives: To examine the association between domestic hard water supply and eczema prevalence and incidence in adults aged 40–69 years and the contextual effect in eczema outcomes by postcode in adults in the UK. Methods: We used data from the UK Biobank study collected in 2006–10 (baseline) and 2013–14 (follow-up). Eczema prevalence at baseline (2006–10) and at follow-up (2013–14) and incidence (new onset between baseline and follow-up) were determined from the touchscreen questionnai..
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Funding Acknowledgements
The Population Health Investing in Research Students' Training from the University of Melbourne funded the UK Biobank's access fee. D.J.L. was supported by the University of Melbourne and Becas Carlos Antonio Lopez scholarships. The funding agencies had no direct role in the conduct of the study; the collection, management, statistical analysis or interpretation of the data; or the preparation or approval of the manuscript.