Etiology and Risk Factors of Keratoconus

Abstract

Keratoconus (KC) is a common condition that affects the cornea and is characterized by bilateral, progressive corneal thinning that results in an abnormally steep cornea and decreased vision. If left untreated, KC can lead to blindness. The etiology of KC is largely unknown despite its increasing prevalence. It appears to be a heterogeneous disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Genetic studies provide insights into KC pathogenesis. Recent studies have made headway into identifying genetic risk factors for KC, but only a small portion of the overall genetic component has been identified. Several environmental risk factors have been reported to be associated with KC, but t..