Adverse effects of antibiotics in children with cancer: are short-course antibiotics for febrile neutropenia part of the solution?

Abstract

Introduction: Febrile neutropenia is a common complication experienced by children with cancer or those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Repeated episodes of febrile neutropenia result in cumulative exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics with potential for a range of serious adverse effects. Short-course antibiotics, even in patients with high-risk febrile neutropenia, may offer a solution. Areas covered: This review addresses the known broad effects of antibiotics, highlights developments in understanding the relationship between cancer, antibiotics, and the gut microbiome, and discusses emerging evidence regarding long-term adverse antibiotic effects. The authors conside..