Indirect Treatment Comparison (ITC) of Three Ready-to-Use Glucagon Treatments for Severe Hypoglycemia: Baqsimi, Gvoke, and Zegalogue

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of 3 ready-to-use glucagon treatments for severe hypoglycemia in adults and children with diabetes: Baqsimi (nasal glucagon) , Gvoke (glucagon injection) , and Zegalogue (dasiglucagon injection) . Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to identify randomized clinical trials assessing the efficacy and safety of ready-to-use glucagon vs. reconstituted injectable glucagon. Bayesian fixed-effect network meta-analysis was used to perform the ITC of Gvoke and Zegalogue vs. Baqsimi. Endpoints included the proportion of participants achieving treatment success, maximum blood glucose, and treatment-emergent adver..