Journal article
Nonstandard Errors
AJ Menkveld, A Dreber, F Holzmeister, J Huber, M Johannesson, M Kirchler, S Neusüß, M Razen, U Weitzel, D Abad-Díaz, M Abudy, T Adrian, Y Ait-Sahalia, O Akmansoy, JT Alcock, V Alexeev, A Aloosh, L Amato, D Amaya, JJ Angel Show all
Journal of Finance | WILEY | Published : 2024
DOI: 10.1111/jofi.13337
Open access
Abstract
In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty—nonstandard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for more reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants.
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