Bismuth-Contained Lithiophilic Protective Layer on Lithium Metal Anode in Situ Generated via Electrochemical Method

Abstract

Lithium metal anode (LMA) faces the challenge of poor electrochemical performances in the exfoliation of the interfacial protective layer from the anode, which is caused by the dramatic volumetric variation of the lithium metal during cycling. In this work, a bismuth-contained lithiophilic protective layer was spontaneously formed on the Li metal by the Bi(TFSI)3 salt additive. The protective layer formed via electrochemical way is relatively dense and homogeneous with a small size of 38 nm Li3Bi alloy and abundant LiF. This layer shows excellent property of uniform lithium deposition and displays enough mechanical strength with the Young's modulus of 6 GPa to suppress Li dendrite growth and..