Journal article
Factuality challenges in the era of large language models and opportunities for fact-checking
I Augenstein, T Baldwin, M Cha, T Chakraborty, GL Ciampaglia, D Corney, R DiResta, E Ferrara, S Hale, A Halevy, E Hovy, H Ji, F Menczer, R Miguez, P Nakov, D Scheufele, S Sharma, G Zagni
Nature Machine Intelligence | Published : 2024
Abstract
The emergence of tools based on large language models (LLMs), such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Google’s Gemini, has garnered immense public attention owing to their advanced natural language generation capabilities. These remarkably natural-sounding tools have the potential to be highly useful for various tasks. However, they also tend to produce false, erroneous or misleading content—commonly referred to as hallucinations. Moreover, LLMs can be misused to generate convincing, yet false, content and profiles on a large scale, posing a substantial societal challenge by potentially deceiving users and spreading inaccurate information. This makes fact-checking increasingly important. Despite their ..
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Awarded by European Commission
Funding Acknowledgements
M.C. is supported by the Institute for Basic Science (grant number IBS-R029-C2) and the National Research Foundation of Korea (grant number RS-2022-00165347). T.C. acknowledges the financial support of Wipro AI. I.A. is supported in part by the European Union (ERC, ExplainYourself, grant number 101077481). G.L.C. is supported by the National Science Foundation (grant numbers 2239194 and 2229885). E.F. and F.M. are partly supported by DARPA (award number HR001121C0169). F.M. is also partly supported by the Knight Foundation and Craig Newmark Philanthropies. G.Z.'s fact-checking project receives funding from the European Union through multiple grants and is part of Meta's 3PFC Program. H.J. is partially supported by US DARPA SemaFor programme number HR001120C0123. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funders.