Plant exosomes-like nano-vesicles: Characterization, functional food potential, and emerging therapeutic applications as a nano medicine

Abstract

Plant cells release exosome-like nanovesicles (PENVs), which are small, membrane-bound vesicles secreted by cells for intercellular interactions. These vesicles, rich in biologically active substances, are crucial for information transmission, intercellular interaction, and organism homeostasis conservation. They can also be used for treating diseases as large-scale drug carriers due to their vesicular architecture. This study explores the isolation, potential of nanovesicles in creating bio-therapeutic and drug-delivery nano-platforms to address clinical challenges. The bio-therapeutic roles of PENVs, include immunomodulation, antitumor, regenerative impacts, wound healing, anti-fibrosis, w..