State of precision medicine for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in a new therapeutic age

Abstract

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is defined by heart failure (HF) with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of at least 50%. HFpEF has a complex and heterogeneous pathophysiology with multiple co-morbidities contributing to its presentation. Establishing the diagnosis of HFpEF can be challenging. Two algorithms, the ‘Heavy, 2 or more Hypertensive drugs, atrial Fibrillation, Pulmonary hypertension, Elderly age >60, elevated Filling pressures’ (H2FPEF) and the ‘Heart Failure Association Pre-test assessment, Echocardiography and natriuretic peptide, Functional testing, Final aetiology’ (HFA-PEFF), can help to determine the likelihood of HFpEF in individuals with sym..