In vitro models of valproic acid to assess neurodevelopmental toxicity: A scoping review

Abstract

Valproic acid (VPA) is a first-line antiseizure medication (ASM) that is highly efficacious for treating generalized and focal epilepsy disorders. Unfortunately, due to its strong association with teratogenic effects culminating in fetal valproate spectrum disorder (FVSD), which may include neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits, the drug has become highly regulated/restricted for women of childbearing potential. This includes those who have been shown to respond well to the drug and respond poorly to alternative ASMs. Concurrently, VPA's neurotoxic, teratogenic mechanisms have been studied in vitro, and continued research may aid in providing depth to our understanding so that superior..