Updated classification of epileptic seizures: Position paper of the International League Against Epilepsy

S Beniczky; E Trinka; E Wirrell; F Abdulla; R Al Baradie; M Alonso Vanegas; S Auvin; MB Singh; H Blumenfeld; A Bogacz Fressola; R Caraballo; M Carreno; F Cendes; A Charway; M Cook; D Craiu; B Ezeala-Adikaibe; B Frauscher; J French; MV Gule; N Higurashi; A Ikeda; FE Jansen; B Jobst; P Kahane; N Kishk; CS Khoo; KP Vinayan; L Lagae; KS Lim; A Lizcano; A McGonigal; KT Perez-Gosiengfiao; P Ryvlin; N Specchio; MR Sperling; H Stefan; W Tatum; M Tripathi; EM Yacubian; S Wiebe; J Wilmshurst; D Zhou; JH Cross

Journal article

Updated classification of epileptic seizures: Position paper of the International League Against Epilepsy

S Beniczky, E Trinka, E Wirrell, F Abdulla, R Al Baradie, M Alonso Vanegas, S Auvin, MB Singh, H Blumenfeld, A Bogacz Fressola, R Caraballo, M Carreno, F Cendes, A Charway, M Cook, D Craiu, B Ezeala-Adikaibe, B Frauscher, J French, MV Gule Show all

Epilepsia | Published : 2025

DOI: 10.1111/epi.18338

Open access

Abstract

The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) has updated the operational classification of epileptic seizures, building upon the framework established in 2017. This revision, informed by the implementation experience, involved a working group appointed by the ILAE Executive Committee. Comprising 37 members from all ILAE regions, the group utilized a modified Delphi process, requiring a consensus threshold of more than two thirds for any proposal. Following public comments, the Executive Committee appointed seven additional experts to the revision task force to address and incorporate the issues raised, as appropriate. The updated classification maintains four main seizure classes: Focal,..

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