Diabetes distress screening using PAID-5 and PAID-1 among adults attending a tertiary multidisciplinary type 1 diabetes clinic

Abstract

Aims: Living with type 1 diabetes can be challenging, and diabetes distress may be overlooked during time-constrained clinical assessments. Screening for diabetes distress with the one-item Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID)-1, in conjunction with the five-item PAID-5, may offer an efficient method to improve type 1 diabetes assessment. We aimed to evaluate the utility of this approach to identify possible diabetes distress and its clinically significant covariates. Methods: We performed a retrospective, real-world, cross-sectional study of adults attending a multidisciplinary type 1 diabetes outpatient clinic at a tertiary centre from October 2023 to September 2024, inclusive. Screening..