Effectiveness of artificial intelligence-based diabetic retinopathy screening in primary care and endocrinology settings in Australia: a pragmatic trial

Abstract

Purpose To investigate the diagnostic accuracy, feasibility and end-user experiences of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based, automated diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening model in real-world, Australian primary care and endocrinology clinics. Methods In a pragmatic trial conducted across five sites including general practice and endocrinology clinics, from August 2021 to June 2023, patients aged ≥50 years, and those aged ≥18 years with diabetes were screened using an AI-integrated, non-mydriatic fundus camera. The AI instantly analysed the retinal images for referable DR. Patients detected with referable DR or ungradable images were referred to eyecare professionals. The accuracy of the AI..