Exposure to ultra-processed food and risk of cardiovascular mortality: a prospective cohort study.

Abstract

Aims There has been a global shift from nutrient-dense diets to an ultra-processed food pattern, which is linked to adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular mortality. However, there is limited evidence in an Australian setting. Furthermore, many people in Australia have emigrated from countries with heart-healthy diets. This study explored the association between ultra-processed food exposure and cardiovascular mortality in an Australian cohort. Methods and results Data were derived from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Food frequency questionnaire data collected at baseline were used to estimate ultra-processed food exposure according to the Nova classification system. C..