Large language models forecast patient health trajectories enabling digital twins

Abstract

Generative artificial intelligence is revolutionizing digital twin development, enabling virtual patient representations that predict health trajectories, with large language models (LLMs) showcasing untapped clinical forecasting potential. We developed the Digital Twin—Generative Pretrained Transformer (DT-GPT), extending LLM-based forecasting solutions to clinical trajectory prediction. DT-GPT leverages electronic health records without requiring data imputation or normalization and overcomes real-world data challenges such as missingness, noise, and limited sample sizes. Benchmarking on non-small cell lung cancer, intensive care unit, and Alzheimer’s disease datasets, DT-GPT outperformed ..