Impacts of (Autonomous) Ride-Hailing Services for Children's Independent Mobility: A Review

Abstract

This paper advances understandings of how (autonomous) ride-hailing services, widely described as app-based, prearranged, and on-demand transportation, affect children's independent mobility (CIM). Examining CIM is crucial, as ride-hailing services have recently expanded to include unaccompanied minors (aged 13–17) in several countries worldwide, and the first driverless service for children is currently being tested in the United States. While these services offer perceived benefits, such as increased independence for children and reduced parental time and supervision, they also raise practical concerns. These include child safety, potential reductions in active lifestyles, and implications..