Temporal and spatial dynamics of urban stream geomorphology: The role of effective imperviousness and development age

Abstract

Urbanisation has been widely studied for its impact on stream channel geomorphology, primarily using space-for-time substitution approaches. However, continuous monitoring of urban geomorphic responses, to understand the temporal dynamics and influence of development age, remains underexplored within this framework. In this study, we combined repeated field observations collected 13 years apart with land cover analysis to assess geomorphic change across a gradient of urbanisation. We addressed three research questions: (i) to what extent do space-for-time substitution interpretations align with directly observed changes in stream channel morphology, and are post-study changes in stream chann..