Flexibility or Procrastination? A Longitudinal Study of Lecture Engagement Patterns and Academic Performance

Abstract

CONTEXT The widespread adoption of lecture capture systems has increased learning flexibility but is also associated with a marked decline in on-campus attendance. While these systems give students greater control over when and how they learn, their effect on academic performance remains contested. Flexibility can act as a “double-edged sword”: it benefits self-regulated learners but may exacerbate procrastination among those with weaker time-management skills. This study explores how students navigate this flexibility and how their choices influence academic outcomes. PURPOSE OR GOAL This study moves beyond a binary comparison of in-person and online lecture use to examine how students enga..