Blood pressure control in patients using the elfie self-monitoring and gamified mobile health application: a real-world evidence study involving over 22,000 users from 3 middle-income countries

Abstract

Abstract Background Hypertension remains the leading global cause of mortality. Despite the availability of effective treatments, many patients fail to achieve adequate blood pressure (BP) control, often due to poor medication adherence. Mobile health (mHealth) applications offer a promising strategy to support hypertension management, yet evidence on their effectiveness across diverse populations and healthcare systems remains limited. Elfie is a comprehensive, self-monitoring, gamified freely available mHealth app that collects anonymized health data since 2021, currently deployed in multiple countries including Brazil, Turkey, and..