All-cause and cause-specific mortality among transgender and gender diverse people: a nationwide cohort study in Australia

Abstract

Background: Transgender and gender diverse (‘trans’) people may be at increased risk of mortality, particularly from external causes, however, large-scale, population-based evidence remains scarce. This study aims to document all-cause and cause-specific mortality among trans people. Methods: We source administrative data on healthcare and death records (2012–2023) from all Australians aged 15 years and above. Individuals identified as trans (initiated gender-affirming hormone therapy) were matched to the general population who visited a General Practitioner during the same period. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk for trans peop..