Atmospheric Stabilization Weakened Proto-Low-Level Jet over the IndianOcean during the Eocene Hothouse

Abstract

The early Eocene represents one of the warmest periods in Earth’s history, with atmospheric CO₂ concentrations and global temperatures far higher than today. Studying this period offers a useful way to explore how monsoon systems behave under extreme greenhouse conditions. However, the markedly different paleogeography, including altered land–sea distributions and the absence of the Himalayas, makes direct comparison with the modern monsoon challenging. Here, we examine the behavior of low-level monsoonal circulation over the Indian Ocean during the early Eocene using five climate model simulations from the Deep-time Model Intercomparison Project (DeepMIP). All simulations show a coherent mo..