Historic 1994 influenza vaccine cohorts define breadth of antibody and B cell responses toward future influenza A and B viruses

Abstract

Vaccination is the best way to combat annual influenza epidemics, yet the breadth of vaccine-induced humoral immunity toward decades of future differentially evolving influenza A (IAV) and influenza B (IBV) viruses is unclear. Using historic 1994 influenza vaccination cohorts of young and older adults, we defined antibody responses elicited by 1994 vaccination against future influenza strains spanning three decades of differentially evolving IAV and IBV strains. Quality of antibody responses and vaccine-induced and cross-reactive B cell memory responses were investigated. Vaccination increased antibody titers against all 1994 vaccine components in younger and older adults. Antibodies to futu..