Clinical Prediction Models for Acute Kidney Injury in Neonatology—A Systematic Review and Modelling Analysis

Abstract

Aims: Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects up to one-third of neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). NICUs are highly data-rich environments, offering opportunities to develop clinical prediction rules (CPRs) that use clinical and demographic data to estimate AKI risk. We sought to identify and critically appraise existing CPRs for predicting neonatal AKI. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed and OVID-MEDLINE was conducted for literature published from 1946 to Q2-2025. Eligible studies reported the development or validation of CPRs for neonatal AKI in NICU populations. The review followed PRISMA guidelines and was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD420250653606). ..