Hybrid solar-wind-ocean thermal system for zero-energy buildings: Optimization and performance analysis in Australian coastal cities

Abstract

Growing global demand for sustainable and reliable energy systems has intensified interest in renewable multigeneration technologies for buildings, particularly in coastal regions where multiple energy resources are simultaneously available. In this study, a hybrid solar–wind–ocean thermal energy system is proposed and comprehensively assessed as an integrated solution for supplying electricity, heating, and cooling to buildings, while also producing hydrogen and oxygen as valuable by-products. Building energy demand was estimated using a detailed simulation platform, and system performance was evaluated through thermodynamic analysis coupled with a two-stage optimization framework. In the f..