Liquid-Metal Interfacial Chemistry for Crystal and Defect Engineering in Two-Dimensional Post-Transition-Metal Materials.

Abstract

Liquid-metal-derived 2D materials have emerged as a versatile class of ultrathin systems enabled by dynamic and chemically active liquid metal interfaces. The atomically smooth, self-limiting surface layers formed at these interfaces provide unique pathways for the synthesis and transfer of ultrathin post-transition metal materials, supporting applications in optoelectronics, sensing, energy, and catalysis. However, material formation at liquid metal interfaces is governed by complex interfacial chemistry involving redox reactions, alloy thermodynamics, atomic migration, reactive atmospheres, and processing conditions. These processes directly influence crystal formation, phase, stoichiometr..