The architecture of the WTO

Abstract

This paper reviews the internal and external architecture of the WTO. The internal architecture relates to the rules of the GATT and the Uruguay Round Agreements. The external architecture relates to the relationship between the WTO and other multilateral organisations. The present architecture is incoherent. The paper proposes that the architectural design should be based on the objective of full-non-discrimination; that is, free trade and national treatment without exception. There are gaps in the internal architecture that should be filled. The main consideration in the external architecture is the scope of the WTO rules relating to the environment, competition and investment. Some princi..