X-ray extended-range technique for precision measurement of the x-ray mass attenuation coefficient and Im(f) for copper using synchrotron radiation

Abstract

We reconsider the long-standing problem of accurate measurement of atomic form factors for fundamental and applied problems. We discuss the X-ray extended-range technique for accurate measurement of the mass attenuation coefficient and the imaginary component of the atomic form factor. Novelties of this approach include the use of a synchrotron with detector normalisation, the direct calibration of dominant systematics using multiple thicknesses, and measurement over wide energy ranges with a resulting improvement of accuracies by an order of magnitude. This new technique achieves accuracies of 0.27-0.5% and reproducibility of 0.02% for attenuation of copper from 8.84 to 20 keV, compared to ..