Sensitivity and specificity of concealed entrainment for the identification of a critical isthmus in the atrium: Relationship to rate, anatomic location and antidromic penetration

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of concealed entrainment (CE) for the identification of a critical isthmus in the atrium. BACKGROUND: Isthmus identification during entrainment mapping of macro-reentrant atrial tachycardia (MRAT) relies on the demonstration of CE. METHODS: Using the model of typical atrial flutter, entrainment was performed in 10 patients at four rates (flutter cycle length [FCL] minus 10/20/30/40 ms) from seven sites: isthmus entrance/exit, low lateral/high lateral/high septal right atrium and proximal/distal coronary sinus. Surface 12-lead electrocardiogram fusion was evaluated by three observers blind to patient status. The ..