Regulation of proinflammatory cytokines in human gestational tissues by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ: Effect of 15-deoxy-δ12,14-PGJ2 and troglitazone

Abstract

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ is a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor that is essential for murine placental development and trophoblast differentiation. In nonreproductive tissues, PPAR-γ regulates the formation of proinflammatory cytokines. Evidence suggests that many of the observed anti-inflammatory effects of PPAR-γ are in part caused by antagonizing the activities of the transcription factors, including nuclear factor-κB. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether natural [15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2)] and synthetic (troglitazone) PPAR-γ ligands regulate the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α from human intrauterine tissues. Human placenta, amnion, and chori..