Optimizing the outcome for patients with rectal cancer

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Historically, rectal cancer with transmural spread and/or lymph node involvement has presented a major challenge to surgeons, with a variable and often high risk of local recurrence and poor survival outcomes. In recent years a large amount of literature has focused attention on the importance of surgical technique, tumor staging, and the optimal integration of CT and radiation therapy. METHODS: This article reviews the clinical trials that have defined the current approach to rectal cancer, the controversies regarding what should be considered the standard of care, and the ongoing clinical studies that will resolve some of these issues. RESULTS: The preoperative staging of rec..