Analysis of intra-uterine cytokine concentration and matrix-metalloproteinase activity in women with recurrent failed embryo transfer

Abstract

Background: In all IVF programmes, some patients fail to achieve an ongoing pregnancy, even after numerous embryo transfer procedures. An unfavourable environment within the uterus might be a contributory factor to such recurrent implantation failure. This question was addressed by measuring cytokine concentrations and matrix metalloproteinase activities in fluid derived from uterine irrigation of such patients. Methods and results: The uterine cavities of 22 patients who had previously undergone embryo transfer of at least 10 embryos without ongoing pregnancy were irrigated during the luteal phase. The resultant fluid was assayed for the concentration of interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumour necro..