Fetal growth restriction induced by chronic placental insufficiency has long-term effects on the retina but not the optic nerve

Abstract

PURPOSE. Reduced birth weight is associated with an increased risk of visual impairments. This study was undertaken to determine whether prenatal exposure to a chronic compromise sufficient to cause fetal growth restriction (FGR) results in long-term alterations to the retina and optic nerve. METHODS. FGR was induced by umbilicoplacental embolization (UPE) in two cohorts of pregnant ewes from (1) 120 days of gestation (dg) until 140 dg and (2) 120 dg until term (∼147 dg). Control fetuses were not subjected to UPE. The structure and neurochemistry of the retina and number and structure of ganglion cell axons were assessed in near-term (140 dg) and adult animals (2.3 years). RESULTS. In near-t..