Release and regulation of leptin, resistin and adiponectin from human placenta, fetal membranes, and maternal adipose tissue and skeletal muscle from normal and gestational diabetes mellitus-complicated pregnancies

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the release and regulation of leptin, resistin and adiponectin from human placenta and fetal membranes, and maternal subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle obtained from normal and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)-complicated pregnancies at the time of Cesarean section. Tissue explants were incubated in the absence (basal control) or presence of 10 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 10, 20 or 40 ng/ml tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, 1 μM phorbol myristate acetate, 10, 20 and 40 mM glucose, 0.1, 1 and 10 μM insulin and 0.1 1 and 10 μM dexamethasone, progesterone and estrogen. After an 18-h incubation, the medium was..