Diagnosing bipolar disorder: How can we do it better?

Abstract

• Accurate diagnosis of bipolar disorder is essential for effective treatment. • The diagnosis of bipolar disorder is particularly comple x, resulting in lengthy delays between first presentation and initiation of appropriate therapy. Inappropriate therapy destabilises the course and outcome of the disease. • Although the defining features of bipolar d isorder are manic or hypomanic episodes, patients typically present for treatment of depression and commonly deny symptoms of mood elevation. • A correct diagnosis can easily be masked by comorbidities, personality issues and complex phenomenology. • A diagnosis of bipolar disorder can be assisted by: Asking about symptoms of mania or hypomani..