Journal article
Contributions of muscles, ligaments, and the ground-reaction force to tibiofemoral joint loading during normal gait
Kevin B Shelburne, Michael R Torry, Marcus G Pandy
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH | JOHN WILEY & SONS INC | Published : 2006
DOI: 10.1002/jor.20255
Abstract
The aim of this study was twofold: first, to determine which muscles and ligaments resist the adduction moment at the knee during normal walking; and second, to describe and explain the contributions of muscles, ligaments, and the ground reaction force to medial and lateral compartment loading. Muscle forces, ground reaction forces, and joint motions obtained from a dynamic optimization solution for normal walking were used as input to a three-dimensional model of the lower limb. A static equilibrium problem was solved at each instant of the gait cycle to determine tibiofemoral joint loading at the knee. Medial compartment loading was determined mainly by the orientation of the ground reacti..
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