Book Chapter
Post-traumatic stress disorder
R Yehuda, CW Hoge, AC McFarlane, E Vermetten, RA Lanius, CM Nievergelt, SE Hobfoll, KC Koenen, TC Neylan, SE Hyman
Nature Reviews Disease Primers | Published : 2015
DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2015.57
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs in 5-10% of the population and is twice as common in women as in men. Although trauma exposure is the precipitating event for PTSD to develop, biological and psychosocial risk factors are increasingly viewed as predictors of symptom onset, severity and chronicity. PTSD affects multiple biological systems, such as brain circuitry and neurochemistry, and cellular, immune, endocrine and metabolic function. Treatment approaches involve a combination of medications and psychotherapy, with psychotherapy overall showing greatest efficacy. Studies of PTSD pathophysiology initially focused on the psychophysiology and neurobiology of stress responses, and t..
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Funding Acknowledgements
R.Y. is supported by grants from the US Department of Defense (DOD W81XWH-10-2-0072 and DOD W81XWH-13-1-0071) and a grant from the Lightfighter Trust Foundation (LFT2009-02-1). A.C.M. is supported in part by National Health and Medical Research Council Program Grant number 568970. C.M.N. is supported in part by US National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant R01MH093500. S.E. Hobfoll is partly supported by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (RO1MH073687) and the Rush Center for Urban Health Equity (NIH-NHLBI 1P50HL105189). K.C.K. is supported by grants NIH MH078928 and MH093612. T.C.N. is supported in part by a research grant that was awarded and administered by the U.S. Army Medical Research & Materiel Command (USAMRMC; TCN: W81XWH-11-2-0189) and the Mental Illness Research and Education Clinical Center of the US Veterans Health Administration. The authors would like to thank L.M. Bierer for her careful final review of the manuscript, M.E. Bowers for assistance with the development of the graphics and review of references, and H. Bader for administrative coordination and integration of multiple versions of the document.