The use of clinical risk factors enhances the performance of BMD in the prediction of hip and osteoporotic fractures in men and women

Abstract

Summary: BMD and clinical risk factors predict hip and other osteoporotic fractures. The combination of clinical risk factors and BMD provide higher specificity and sensitivity than either alone. Introduction and hypotheses: To develop a risk assessment tool based on clinical risk factors (CRFs) with and without BMD. Methods: Nine population-based studies were studied in which BMD and CRFs were documented at baseline. Poisson regression models were developed for hip fracture and other osteoporotic fractures, with and without hip BMD. Fracture risk was expressed as gradient of risk (GR, risk ratio/SD change in risk score). Results: CRFs alone predicted hip fracture with a GR of 2.1/SD at the ..