Generation mechanisms of convectively forced internal gravity waves and their propagation to the stratosphere

Abstract

Characteristics of gravity waves induced by mesoscale convective storms and the gravity wave sources are investigated using a two-dimensional cloud-resolving numerical model. In a nonlinear moist (control) simulation, the convective system reaches a quasi-steady state after 4 h in which convective cells are periodically regenerated from a gust front updraft. In the convective storms, there are two types of wave forcing: nonlinear forcing in the form of the divergences of momentum and heat flux, and diabatic forcing. The magnitude of the nonlinear source is 2 to 3 times larger than the diabatic source, especially in the upper troposphere. Three quasi-linear dry simulations forced by the wave ..