Effect of water-soluble solutes on sonoluminescence under dual-frequency sonication

Abstract

Sonoluminescence (SL) originating from a dual-frequency ultrasound system, in water and in the presence of certain water-soluble solutes, was investigated. The ultrasound arrangement consisted of a 20-kHz horn, vertically opposing a high-frequency transducer operating at 355 or 1056 kHz. It was found that the power setting of the high frequency sensitively determined the SL yield of the dual-frequency system. A significant synergy effect was observed at low power, while at high power the dual-frequency mode attenuated the SL signal. Additives representing three different classes of solutes, namely, surfactants, alcohols, and polymers, were studied, with respect to their effect on the intensi..