Presidents as Punakawan: Portrayal of national leaders as clown-servants in Central Javanese Wayang

Abstract

The trend to portray Indonesian presidents as punakawan (down servants) in wayang (shadow puppetry) was started under the former President Soeharto. Whereas Soeharto chose to be conveyed as Semar, a clown but also a former god, greater artistic freedom post-Soeharto led to a more farcical depiction of Habibie and Gus Dur as Semar's sons, Gareng and Bagong. © 2004 The National University of Singapore.