Retinal vascular fractal dimension and risk of early diabetic retinopathy: A prospective study of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Abstract

OBJECTIVE - To examine the prospective association of retinal vascular fractal dimension with diabetic retinopathy risk in young people with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - This was a hospital-based prospective study of 590 patients aged 12-20 years with type 1 diabetes free of retinopathy at baseline. All patients had seven-field retinal photographs taken of both eyes. Incident retinopathy was ascertained from retinal photographs taken at follow-up visits. Fractal dimension was measured from baseline photographs using a computer-based program following a standardized protocol. RESULTS - Over a mean ± SD follow-up period of 2.9 ± 2.0 years, 262 participants developed mild nonp..