Bone modeling and remodeling

Abstract

Bone modeling adapts structure to loading by changing bone size and shape and removes damage and so maintains bone strength. Remodeling is initiated by damage producing osteocyte apoptosis, which signals the location of damage via the osteocyte-canalicular system to endosteal lining cells that form the canopy of a bone remodeling compartment (BRC). Molecular signalling within the BRC between precursors, mature cells, cells of the immune system, and products of the resorbed matrix titrate the birth, work, and lifespan of this remodeling machinery to cither remove or form a net volume of bone. Advancing age is associated with a reduction in the volume of bone resorbed by each basic multicellul..