Non-tuberculosis opportunistic infections and other lung diseases in HIV-infected infants and children

Abstract

The diagnosis and management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected infants and children who do not respond to recommended empiric therapy for acute or chronic pneumonia is a frequent clinical challenge, especially as the greatest burden of childhood HIV-related lung disease occurs in low-income regions where options for investigation and treatment are limited. Lung disease is due to a wider spectrum of causes in HIV-infected than non-infected children. Bacterial pneumonia, viral pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are common in children throughout the developing world, and the added impact of HIV infection on the incidence and outcome of these diseases is covered in companion ..